The Holy Grail

Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) was one of the greatest English poets of all time, becoming the Poet Laureate during much of Queen Victoria’s reign. Tennyson’s early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. In 1848, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt made a list of “Immortals”, artistic heroes whom they admired, especially from literature, notably including Keats and Tennyson, whose work would form subjects for Pre-Raphaelite’s paintings. The Lady of Shalott alone was a subject for Rossetti, Hunt, John William Waterhouse (three versions), and Elizabeth Siddall.

The Holy Grail is one of the twelve poems included by Tennison in the collection Idylls of the King (1885), entirely inspired by the figure of King Arthur and the Breton cycle and based on the fifteenth-century novels by Sir Thomas Malory. This Idyll is told in flashback by Sir Percivale, who had become a monk and died one summer before the account, to his fellow monk Ambrosius. The Holy Grail is symbolic of the Round Table being broken apart, a key reason for the doom of Camelot.

«And I was lifted up in heart, and thought of all my late-shown prowess in the lists, how my strong lance had beaten down the knights, so many and famous names; and never yet had heaven appeared so blue, nor earth so green, for all my blood danced in me, and I knew that I should light upon the Holy Grail».