Britain’s greatest religious historian chronicles the rise and rise of fundamentalism. One of the most potent forces bedevilling the modern world is religious extremism, and the need to understand it has never been greater. Focusing in detail on Protestant fundamentalism in the United States, Jewish fundamentalism from sixteenth century Spain onwards and Muslim fundamentalism over the last four hundred years, Armstrong examines the patterns that underlie fundamentalism. These evolve from the clash between the conservative pre-modern mind that is governed by a love of myth, and the progressive rational society that relishes change. Fundamentalists view the contemporary world with horror, rejecting its claims to truth, and a state of war now exists over the future of our culture. They are not terrorists, rather, they are innovative, existing in a symbiotic relationship with an aggressive modernity, each urging the other on to greater excess. The Battle for God is original in its thesis and in its understanding; as a history of religious ideas it is fascinating, and as an explanation of one of the most destabilizing forces at large in the world today it is extraordinary.

The Battle for God

Et forsvar for den fortryllede natur I størstedelen af menneskehedens historie er naturen blevet opfattet som hellig og vores Gud eller guder blevet betragtet som allesteds-nærværende. Da den vestlige verdens naturvidenskab og filosofi i det 17. århundrede begyndte at adskille Gud fra naturen, skete der ikke kun et brud med tusind års akkumuleret viden og erfaring – det blev også roden til den udbytning af naturen og den usunde individualisering, som nu viser sig fatal. Karen Armstrong er en af verdens førende religionsformidlere. Hun argumenterer i sin bog for, at det ikke er nok at ændre adfærd for at dæmme op for den truende klimakatastrofe. Vi har brug for at reparere det grundlæggende bånd mellem verden og menneske. Hun er overbevist om, at religion og spiritualitet kan komme os til hjælp – den kunstige adskillelse kan heles. Naturen skal genfortrylles, så vi lærer at omgås den med ærefrygt og respekt frem for at betragte dens ressourcer som en evig kilde til vores forbrug og velstand. Hvert af bogens ti kapitler præsenterer et tema, der står centralt i en af verdens store religioner: fra taknemmelighed og medfølelse til offer og ikkevold. Hvert kapitel afsluttes af praktiske råd til et nyt mindset om forholdet mellem natur og det hellige. "Naturens hellige kraft" er en bog om ”dybdeøkologi” – om de dybeste bånd mellem menneske og natur. Den er en inspirerende og indtrængende appel til dem, der ved, at det både kræver nye handlemåder og anderledes tænkning at genoprette klodens tilstand.

Naturens hellige kraft

Karen Armstrong is de gevierde en geliefde auteur van een indrukwekkend oeuvre over geloof, religie, cultuurgeschiedenis en spiritualiteit. Tot de vele hoogtepunten in haar werk behoren Een Geschiedenis van God,Jeruzalem, Mohammed, De Wenteltrap, De Strijd om God, De Grote Transformatie en Fundamentalisme. Kort na In naam van God, haar grote studie over religie en geweld die onlangs verscheen, keert Karen Armstrong terug naar haar eigen wortels, naar een onderwerp dat haar altijd heeft geïntrigeerd - vanaf de tijd dat zij zich als non in een klooster aan God wijdde en aan de bestudering van de vroegste dagen van het Christendom. In deze prachtig geschreven, diep doorvoelde monografie wijdt ze zich aan de apostel Paulus - die geldt als de eerste christelijke schrijver en auteur van veertien van de zevenentwintig boeken van het nieuwe testament. Maar Armstrong laat zien dat hij meer invloed op de verspreiding van het Christendom heeft gehad dan enige andere historische figuur. Het was Paulus die in de eerste eeuw de eerste kerken stichtte in Europa en Azië. Het was Paulus die een kleine religieuze sekte transformeerde tot de grootste godsdienst die de Westerse beschaving heeft opgeleverd. En het was Paulus die het revolutionaire idee ontwikkelde dat Christus symbool zou kunnen staan voor de mogelijkheid van transcendentie. Paulus' beslissende rol in de ontwikkeling van het Christendom heeft hem geliefd gemaakt, maar heeft ook weerstand opgeroepen. Terwijl we weinig weten over sommige aspecten in het leven van Paulus - zijn opvoeding, de details over zijn dood - is zijn dramatische visioen van God op de weg naar Damascus een van de krachtigste verhalen uit de geschiedenis van het Christendom.

Paulus

Gedurende het grootste deel van de menselijke geschiedenis werd de natuur als heilig beschouwd en geloofde men dat God of de goden in de natuur alomtegenwoordig waren. Dat gold voor bijna alle culturen en religieuze tradities ter wereld. Toen de westerse mens in de zeventiende eeuw God en de natuur van elkaar scheidde, was dat méér dan een breuk met duizenden jaren van verworven wijsheid en ervaring: we zagen er de legitimatie in om onze omgeving te plunderen en onszelf op een destructieve manier boven de natuur te plaatsen. Karen Armstrong stelt dat het niet genoeg is om ons gedrag te veranderen als we de dreigende milieuramp willen afwenden: we moeten leren anders te denken en te voelen over onze natuurlijke omgeving. Ze is ervan overtuigd dat ons religieus erfgoed ons kan leren hoe we de spirituele band met de natuur kunnen herstellen. In elk hoofdstuk van De heilige natuur behandelt ze een thema dat centraal staat in de wereldgodsdiensten - van dankbaarheid en compassie tot opoffering en geweldloosheid - en laat ze zien hoe we een andere manier van denken en voelen kunnen ontwikkelen om opnieuw contact te maken met de natuur. De heilige natuur is een boek over deep ecology: het gaat over de wezenlijke verbinding tussen mens en natuur. Het is bedoeld voor iedereen die geïnteresseerd is in onze relatie met de natuurlijke wereld, zich zorgen maakt over de klimaatcrisis en beseft dat actievoeren niet genoeg is: we moeten op zoek naar nieuwe manieren om de aarde te behouden voor de generaties die na ons komen.

De heilige natuur

The centuries between 800 and 300 BC saw an explosion of new religious concepts. Their emergence is second only to man's harnessing of fire in fundamentally transforming our understanding of what it is to be human. But why did Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jeremiah, Lao Tzu and others all emerge in this five-hundred-year span? And why do they have such similar ideas about humanity?In The Great Transformation, Karen Armstrong examines this phenomenal period and the connections between this disparate group of philosophers, mystics and theologians.

The Great Transformation

St Paul is known throughout the world as the first Christian writer, authoring fourteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament. But as Karen Armstrong demonstrates in St Paul: The Misunderstood Apostle, he also exerted a more significant influence on the spread of Christianity throughout the world than any other figure in history. It was Paul who established the first Christian churches in Europe and Asia in the first century, Paul who transformed a minor sect into the largest religion produced by Western civilization, and Paul who advanced the revolutionary idea that Christ could serve as a model for the possibility of transcendence. While we know little about some aspects of the life of St Paul - his upbringing, the details of his death - his dramatic vision of God on the road to Damascus is one of the most powerful stories in the history of Christianity, and the life that followed forever changed the course of history.

St Paul

‘“A History of Jerusalem” should be read, not only by travellers and potential travellers in Jerusalem, but by all of us.’ Stephen Tummin, Daily Telegraph Jerusalem has probably cast more of a spell over the human imagination than any other city in the world. Held by believers to contain the site where Abraham offered up Isaac, the place of the crucifixion of Christ and the rock from which the prophet Muhammed ascended to heaven, Jerusalem has been celebrated and revered for centuries by Jews, Christians and Muslims. Such is the symbolic power of this ancient city that its future status poses a major obstacle to a comprehensive regional peace in the Middle East. In this comprehensive and elegantly written work, Karen Armstrong traces the turbulent history of the city from the prehistoric era to the present day.

A History of Jerusalem

Brought to you by Penguin. For most of human history nature was held to be sacred, and our God or gods were believed to be present everywhere in nature. That was true of almost all the world's cultures and religious traditions. When people in the West began to separate God and nature in the seventeenth century, it was not just a profound breach with thousands of years of accumulated wisdom and experience: it was also the root of how we have come to plunder the natural world and to promote our individual selves in unhealthy and destructive ways. Karen Armstrong argues that if we want to avert the looming environmental catastrophe, it is not enough to change our behaviour: we need to learn to think and feel differently about the natural world. She passionately believes that our religious heritage can teach us how to recover a spiritual bond with nature. Each of the book's ten chapters concentrates on a theme that has been central to the world's religious traditions - from gratitude and compassion to sacrifice and non-violence - and offers practical steps to help us develop a different mindset to reconnect with nature and rekindle our sense of the sacred. Sacred Nature is a book about 'deep ecology': it is about the most profound connections between humans and the natural world. It speaks to anyone interested in our relationship with the natural world, worried about the destruction of our environment, and searching for new ways of thinking to accompany the political action needed to save our planet. 'KAREN ARMSTRONG IS A GENIUS' A.N. Wilson 'One of our best living writers on religion' Financial Times 'Karen Armstrong is one of the handful of wise and supremely intelligent commentators on religion' Alain de Botton © Karen Armstrong 2022 (P) Penguin Audio 2022

Sacred Nature

Brought to you by Penguin. 'One of our best living writers on religion' Financial Times 'Karen Armstrong is a genius' A.N. Wilson 'Karen Armstrong is one of the handful of wise and supremely intelligent commentators on religion' Alain De Botton In our increasingly secular world, holy texts are at best seen as irrelevant, and at worst as an excuse to incite violence, hatred and division. So what value, if any, can scripture hold for us today? And if our world no longer seems compatible with scripture, is it perhaps because its original purpose has become lost? Today we see the Quran being used by some to justify war and terrorism, the Torah to deny Palestinians the right to live in the Land of Israel, and the Bible to condemn homosexuality and contraception. The holy texts at the centre of all religious traditions are often employed selectively to underwrite arbitrary and subjective views. They are believed to be divinely ordained; they are claimed to contain eternal truths. But as Karen Armstrong, a world authority on religious affairs, shows in this fascinating journey through millennia of history, this narrow reading of scripture is a relatively recent phenomenon. For hundreds of years these texts were instead viewed as spiritual tools: scripture was a means for the individual to connect with the divine, to transcend their physical existence, and to experience a higher level of consciousness. Holy texts were seen as fluid and adaptable, rather than a set of binding archaic rules or a ‘truth’ that has to be ‘believed’. Armstrong argues that only by rediscovering an open engagement with their holy texts will the world’s religions be able to curtail arrogance, intolerance and violence. And if scripture is used to engage with the world in more meaningful and compassionate ways, we will find that it still has a great deal to teach us.

The Lost Art of Scripture

The Bible is the most widely distributed book in the world. Translated into over two thousand languages, it is estimated that more than six billion copies have been sold in the last two hundred years alone. In this seminal account, Karen Armstrong traces the gestation of the Bible to reveal a complex and contradictory document created by scores of people over hundreds of years. Karen Armstrong begins her analysis with the origins of the very earliest books of the Hebrew Bible, in which God was called both 'Yahweh' and 'Elohim'. She then traces the development of both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament to reveal the disparate influences that helped to form these sacred texts. From the Jewish practice of Midrash and the Christian cult of Jesus; to the influence of Paul's letters on the Reformation and the manipulation of Revelations by Christian fundamentalism, Armstrong explores the contexts in which these sixty-six books were understood and explains the social needs they answered. In the process she reveals an unfamiliar and paradoxical work that will permanently alter our understanding of the Bible.

BOOKS THAT SHOOK THE WORLD

The Bible

La historia del mito es la historia de la humanidad. Nuestras narraciones y creencias, nuestra curiosidad y nuestras tentativas de comprender el mundo nos vinculan directamente con nuestros antepasados y con los demás seres humanos: los mitos nos ayudan a dotar de sentido al universo. El libro de Karen Armstrong, referente mundial en el estudio de la historia de las religiones, supone una concisa, certera y absorbente aproximación a las más diversas expresiones del mito, desde los cazadores del Paleolítico hasta su descrédito en Occidente en favor de la ciencia y lo que su pérdida supone para el mundo moderno.

Biblioteca de Ensayo / Serie menor

Breve historia del mito

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