Leviathan is both a magnificent literary achievement and the greatest work of political philosophy in the English language. Permanently challenging, it has found new applications and new refutations in every generation. Hobbes argues that human beings are first and foremost concerned with their own individual desires and fears. He shows that a conflict of each against every man can only be avoided by the adoption of a compact to enforce peace. The compact involves giving up some of our natural freedom to a sovereign power which will enforce the laws of peace on all citizens. Hobbes also analyses the subversive forces - religion, ambition, private conscience - that threaten to destroy the body politic, Leviathan itself, and return us to the state of war. This world view shocked many of Hobbes's contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle's view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a new world of political science. Complete edition with interactive table of contents.

Leviathan

Brought to you by Penguin. This Penguin Classic is performed by Philip Stevens. This definitive recording includes an introduction by Christopher Brooke. Thomas Hobbes lived through the Thirty Years War and Britain's civil wars, and the trauma of these events led to his great masterpiece of political thought. How could humankind rescue itself from life in the natural state, which was 'poor, nasty, brutish and short'? What form of politics would provide the security that he and his contemporaries craved? Vilified and scorned from the moment it was published, Leviathan was publicly burnt for sedition, but ever since it has exercised a unique fascination upon its readers, both for its ideas and its remarkable prose. Its concepts helped to drag Europe into a new world - one in which we still live today. © Christopher Brooke 2017 (P) Penguin Audio 2021

Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, commonly referred to as Leviathan, is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668). Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic Western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642-1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. His most famous work is Leviathan (1651), where he laid the foundations of contractualist theory, which had a significant influence on the development of Western political philosophy. Leviathan, as it is commonly known, is undoubtedly the most important and groundbreaking work of the 17th-century English philosopher, politician, and thinker Thomas Hobbes. Referencing and writing with splendid mastery, the author invokes the most feared biblical monster to explain and justify the existence of an absolutist State that subjugates its citizens. Written in 1651, his work has been a great inspiration in political sciences and, paradoxically, in the evolution of social law.

LEVIATHAN - Hobbes

Born out of the political turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan stands out as one of the most influential political and philosophical texts of the seventeenth century. It argues for the restoration of the monarchy, in light of the Republic, and calls for a commonwealth ruled by an authoritative, autocratic  figure with absolute sovereignty. This would put an end to all controversy, war and fear, and establish peace via social contract. Over the course of the book Hobbes targets Christianity and contemporary philosophic methods, rejecting the idea of spirits and souls, and arguing for a philosophy to end divisiveness and provide indisputable conclusions. These highly controversial theses led to book burnings in 1666 and Hobbes being dubbed the ‘Monster of Malmsbury’.

Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes and published in 1651. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic Western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642–1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government. Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679) was an English philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy.

Thomas Hobbes's 'Leviathan (Complete Edition)' delves into the philosophical concept of the social contract and the role of government in securing peace and order. Written in a straightforward and precise prose, the book explores the nature of man in a state of nature and the necessity of a strong central authority to prevent chaos. Hobbes presents a compelling argument for the sovereign's absolute power to maintain civil obedience and prevent the return to a state of war. The book's logical arguments and structured reasoning reflect the author's background in political theory and moral philosophy. 'Leviathan' is a cornerstone in political philosophy, influencing contemporary ideas of statecraft and governance. Hobbes's keen insights into human nature and society make this work a timeless classic that continues to provoke thought and discussion in the modern world.

LEVIATHAN (Complete Edition)

Thomas Hobbes's seminal work, *Leviathan*, published in 1651, is a cornerstone of political philosophy that explores the foundations of civilization and the structure of society. Written during the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, Hobbes employs a distinctively clear and methodical literary style, combining rigorous logical argumentation with vivid metaphor. The titular Leviathan emerges as a powerful symbol of the state, representing the necessity of a strong, centralized authority to prevent the chaos of humanity's natural state, characterized by 'war of all against all.' This text offers profound insights into human nature, governance, and social contracts, setting the stage for modern political thought. Thomas Hobbes, a philosopher, and mathematician, was deeply influenced by his experiences in a politically unstable England. His prior studies of science, particularly geometry and optics, inform his analytical approach to human behavior and political structures. These influences culminated in his desire to find a stable framework for societal order, prompting the creation of *Leviathan*, which challenges readers to grapple with the implications of political authority and individual freedom. *Leviathan* is essential reading for anyone interested in the origins of political theory, ethics, or modern governance. Hobbes's arguments are not only historically significant but also resonate with contemporary debates on authority and individual rights. This thought-provoking work invites readers to reflect on the delicate balance between security and freedom, urging them to consider the implications of political power in their own lives.

Thomas Hobbes' "The Political Works of Thomas Hobbes" compiles four seminal texts that delve into the foundations of political philosophy and social contract theory. Through a rigorous yet accessible prose style, Hobbes articulates his views on the nature of human beings, the necessity of an absolute sovereign, and the immutable laws of nature that govern society. These works, particularly "Leviathan," offer insights into the turbulent political climate of the 17th century, a period rife with civil strife and intellectual upheaval, thereby situating Hobbes as a pivotal figure in the evolution of modern political thought. Born in 1588 in England, Hobbes experienced firsthand the chaos of the English Civil War, shaping his perspectives on governance and authority. Educated at Oxford and influenced by classical philosophers, Hobbes developed a materialistic view of human nature that emphasized self-preservation and fear as central motivators. His experiences with monarchy and republicanism molded his arguments for a strong, centralized authority, reflecting a deep concern for societal order amidst disorder. For scholars, students, and anyone intrigued by the origins of modern governance, Hobbes' collected works serve as essential reading. This edition not only provides a comprehensive understanding of Hobbesian thought but also challenges readers to contemplate the implications of power and human nature, making it a critical resource for contemporary political discourse.

The Political Works of Thomas Hobbes (4 Books in One Edition)

In his seminal work *Leviathan*, Thomas Hobbes presents a compelling examination of human nature and the necessity of social contract theory in establishing a governing authority. Written during the turbulence of the English Civil War, Hobbes employs a precise and systematic style, intricately weaving together philosophy, political theory, and moral reasoning. The book starkly contrasts the state of nature—characterized by chaos and a 'war of all against all'—with the order and security provided by a powerful sovereign, which Hobbes famously likens to a 'Leviathan,' a metaphor for absolute authority that holds society together in a fragile peace. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) stands as a prominent figure in political philosophy, with *Leviathan* reflecting his belief in the necessity of a strong centralized power. His experiences during the civil strife of his time, coupled with his education and interactions in the court of Charles I, deeply influenced his thoughts on human behavior and governance. Hobbes' pessimistic view of humanity as naturally self-interested and conflict-prone propels his argument for absolute sovereignty, setting the groundwork for modern political theory. *Leviathan* remains an essential read for anyone interested in the roots of political thought and the dynamics of human society. It challenges readers to ponder the balance between freedom and security, making it not only relevant in the context of its time but also a critical text for understanding contemporary political discourse. Hobbes' incisive insights invite thoughtful reflection, ensuring its standing as a cornerstone of philosophical inquiry.

The Political Works of Thomas Hobbes (4 Books in One Edition) is a seminal collection of political philosophy written by the renowned English philosopher Thomas Hobbes. In this comprehensive edition, readers will delve into the core works of Hobbes, including 'Leviathan,' 'De Cive,' 'Behemoth,' and 'The Art of Rhetoric.' Hobbes employs a rationalistic approach in his writing, exploring the nature of man, society, and government in a tumultuous political landscape. His works are characterized by their systematic reasoning and provocative ideas, making him a key figure in shaping modern political thought. Hobbes' emphasis on the social contract theory and the role of government in maintaining order and stability continues to resonate in contemporary political discourse. The fusion of Hobbes' intellectual rigor and pragmatic insights in this collection offers readers a profound understanding of political philosophy and its implications on society. Scholars and students alike will find Hobbes' political works invaluable for exploring fundamental questions about power, authority, and human nature.

Thomas Hobbes’s political manifesto "Leviathan" (or, as it was originally titled: “Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civil", 1651) holds that a commonwealth with a social contract is the ideal way to govern a body of people. Hobbes argues that a sovereign power is best equipped to maintain peace and civic unity and that each of the nation’s citizens buys into a social contract that allows the sovereign power to act on behalf of safety and public defence. The central image of the philosophy is a leviathan or sea monster, with a body made of human constituents and a head representing the sovereign leader. According to Hobbes, this philosophy is the best in order to avoid civil war and maintain a unified nation. The manifesto is broken up into four sections, which build on this central idea.

Leviathan concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Contents: Of Man Of Sense Of Imagination Of the Consequence or Train of Imagination Of Speech Of Reason and Science Of the Ends or Resolutions of Discourse Of the Virtues Commonly Called Intellectual; and Their Contrary Defects Of the Several Subject of Knowledge Of Power, Worth, Dignity, Honour and Worthiness Of the Difference of Manners Of Religion Of the First and Second Natural Laws, and of Contracts Of Other Laws of Nature Of Persons, Authors, and Things Personated Of Commonwealth Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Commonwealth Of the Rights of Sovereigns by Institution Of Dominion Paternal and Despotical Of the Liberty of Subjects Of Systems Subject Political and Private Of the Public Ministers of Sovereign Power Of Counsel Of Civil Laws Of Crimes, Excuses, and Extenuations Of Punishments and Rewards Of the Office of the Sovereign Representative Of the Kingdom of God by Nature Of a Christian Commonwealth Of the Principles of Christian Politics Of the Signification in Scripture of Kingdom of God, of Holy, Sacred, and Sacrament Of the Signification in Scripture of the Word Church Of the Rights of the Kingdom of God, in Abraham, Moses, the High Priests, and the Kings of Judah Of the Office of Our Blessed Saviour Of Power Ecclesiastical Of What Is Necessary for a Man's Reception into the Kingdom of Heaven Of the Kingdom of Darkness Of Spiritual Darkness from Misinterpretation of Scripture Of Demonology and Other Relics of the Religion of the Gentiles Of Darkness from Vain Philosophy and Fabulous Traditions Of the Benefit That Proceedeth from Such Darkness, and to Whom It Accrueth

This book contains several tables of HTML content to make reading easier. Considered by many to be among the greatest works of political philosophy, especially in the English language, "Leviathan" is Hobbes' book, published in 1651, which outlines his theories on an ideal state and its creation. The structure of a society and a legitimate government, as he reasons, is perhaps the earliest example of social contract theory, which outlines the need of rule by an absolute sovereign. In Hobbes' time, the political and social structures of England were in a changing and uncertain state, which explains to some extent his ideas on the need of a strong central government in the face of a chaotic civil war. Hobbes believes that the prospect of peace this system would provide is worth giving up some of the natural freedom of man, who is essentially a being of individual fears and desires. This brings about his discussion of dissident forces, which threaten the commonwealth, itself the monstrous Leviathan at risk of war. A continually challenging work with reasoning that has stood the test of time, "Leviathan" has in some part contributed to the advancement of the modern world.

Leviathan (with Introduction) (Phoenix Classics)

Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642–1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign.

Leviathan Thomas Hobbes - Written during the chaos of the English Civil War, Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan asks how, in a world of violence and horror, can we stop ourselves from descending into anarchy? Hobbes' case for a 'common-wealth' under a powerful sovereign - or 'Leviathan' - to enforce security and the rule of law, shocked his contemporaries, and his book was publicly burnt for sedition the moment it was published. But his penetrating work of political philosophy - now fully revised and with a new introduction for this edition - opened up questions about the nature of statecraft and society that influenced governments across the world "Leviathan" is a work of political philosophy. Written by Thomas Hobbes during a time of civil war, it argues that sovereign rule is the most stable form of government. An early proponent of social contract theory, Hobbes' observations regarding the dangers of unrestrained individual freedom have influenced generations of thinkers.

The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642-1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government.

Leviathon

LEVIATHAN or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil-commonly referred to as Leviathan-is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668). Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642-1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong undivided government...

Contents: 1. Discourse on Method, by René Descartes 2. Letters on the English, by Voltaire 3. On the Inequality among Mankind and Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar, by Jean Jacques Rousseau 4. Of Man, Being the First Part of Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes

Harvard Classics

Harvard Classics Volume 34

Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642-1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government. After lengthy discussion with Thomas Hobbes, the Parisian Abraham Bosse created the etching for the book's famous frontispiece in the géometrique style which Bosse himself had refined. It is similar in organisation to the frontispiece of Hobbes' De Cive (1642), created by Jean Matheus. The frontispiece has two main elements, of which the upper part is by far the more striking.

In "The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic," Thomas Hobbes explores the foundation of political philosophy through a meticulous examination of human nature, morality, and the structure of society. Written in a clear yet intricate style, this treatise unpacks the social contract theory, laying the groundwork for modern political thought. Hobbes employs a rationalist approach, interweaving his insights into natural law with an analysis of governance, ultimately arguing for the necessity of a powerful sovereign to maintain order and prevent conflict among self-interested individuals. This work is situated within the broader context of 17th-century Enlightenment thinking, reflecting the tumultuous political landscape of his time, particularly the English Civil War. Thomas Hobbes, an influential philosopher, was deeply affected by the chaos of his era, which instilled in him a profound distrust of human nature and a recognition of the inherent violence in humanity's quest for survival. His early experiences, particularly witnessing the breakdown of social order, galvanized his thoughts on the need for strong political authority. As a student of Aristotle's works, Hobbes melded classical philosophy with emerging Enlightenment ideals, which undoubtedly informed his vision in "The Elements of Law." This seminal work is a must-read for scholars of political theory and philosophy. Hobbes's incisive insights into the human condition and the nature of power provide a thought-provoking framework for understanding contemporary political discourse. Readers will find themselves challenged to reflect on the balance between individual liberty and social stability, making this book a timeless addition to any intellectual library.

The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic

Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, commonly referred to as Leviathan, is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668). Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Written during the English Civil War (1642–1651), it argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could be avoided only by strong, undivided government. Hobbes proceeds by defining terms clearly and unsentimentally. Good and evil are nothing more than terms used to denote an individual's appetites and desires, while these appetites and desires are nothing more than the tendency to move toward or away from an object. Hope is nothing more than an appetite for a thing combined with an opinion that it can be had. He suggests that the dominant political theology of the time, Scholasticism, thrives on confused definitions of everyday words, such as incorporeal substance, which for Hobbes is a contradiction in terms. Hobbes describes human psychology without any reference to the summum bonum, or greatest good, as previous thought had done. According to Hobbes, not only is the concept of a summum bonum superfluous, but given the variability of human desires, there could be no such thing. Consequently, any political community that sought to provide the greatest good to its members would find itself driven by competing conceptions of that good with no way to decide among them. The result would be civil war.

In "The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic," Thomas Hobbes meticulously delineates the foundational principles of human nature, governance, and societal order. Utilizing a systematic and analytical approach, Hobbes presents an intricate examination of the social contract and the necessity of a sovereign authority to prevent the chaos of the state of nature. This work, initially published in parts as "Elements of Law" in 1640, is characterized by Hobbes's clear prose and a logical progression of ideas that weave together philosophy, political theory, and moral reasoning in a period marked by civil strife and intellectual upheaval. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), an English philosopher and political theorist, lived through the tumultuous events of the English Civil War, which profoundly influenced his views on authority and human behavior. His experiences shaped his belief in the inherent selfishness of humans and the need for a powerful centralized government to ensure peace and stability. These ideas were groundbreaking at the time and laid the groundwork for modern political philosophy. For readers interested in the origins of social contract theory or the interplay between individual rights and state power, "The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic" is an essential text. Hobbes's compelling arguments provide a critical lens through which to examine contemporary political issues, making this work not only a historical artifact but a relevant guide to understanding human governance.

Nature (the art whereby God hath made and governes the world) is by the art of man, as in many other things, so in this also imitated, that it can make an Artificial Animal. For seeing life is but a motion of Limbs, the begining whereof is in some principall part within; why may we not say, that all Automata (Engines that move themselves by springs and wheeles as doth a watch) have an artificiall life? For what is the Heart, but a Spring; and the Nerves, but so many Strings; and the Joynts, but so many Wheeles, giving motion to the whole Body, such as was intended by the Artificer? Art goes yet further, imitating that Rationall and most excellent worke of Nature, Man. For by Art is created that great LEVIATHAN called a COMMON-WEALTH, or STATE, (in latine CIVITAS) which is but an Artificiall Man; though of greater stature and strength than the Naturall, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which, the Soveraignty is an Artificiall Soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body; The Magistrates, and other Officers of Judicature and Execution, artificiall Joynts; Reward and Punishment (by which fastned to the seat of the Soveraignty, every joynt and member is moved to performe his duty) are the Nerves, that do the same in the Body Naturall; The Wealth and Riches of all the particular members, are the Strength; Salus Populi (the Peoples Safety) its Businesse; Counsellors, by whom all things needfull for it to know, are suggested unto it, are the Memory; Equity and Lawes, an artificiall Reason and Will; Concord, Health; Sedition, Sicknesse; and Civill War, Death. Lastly, the Pacts and Covenants, by which the parts of this Body Politique were at first made, set together, and united, resemble that Fiat, or the Let Us Make Man, pronounced by God in the Creation. To describe the Nature of this Artificiall man, I will consider First the Matter thereof, and the Artificer; both which is Man.

Leviathan is a sea monster referenced in the Tanakh, or the Old Testament. This word has become synonymous with any large sea monster or creature. Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes and first published in 1651. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic Western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War, 1642–1651, Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government.

In Leviathan, Hobbes set out his doctrine of the foundation of states and legitimate governments – originating social contract theory. Leviathan was written during the English Civil War; much of the book is occupied with demonstrating the necessity of a strong central authority to avoid the evil of discord and civil war. Beginning from a mechanistic understanding of human beings and the passions, Hobbes postulates what life would be like without government, a condition which he calls the state of nature. In that state, each person would have a right, or license, to everything in the world. This, Hobbes argues, would lead to a "war of all against all" (bellum omnium contra omnes). The description contains what has been called one of the best known passages in English philosophy, which describes the natural state mankind would be in, were it not for political community: In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving, and removing, such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. — "Chapter XIII.: Of the Natural Condition of Mankind As Concerning Their Felicity, and Misery.", Leviathan In such a state, people fear death, and lack both the things necessary to commodious living, and the hope of being able to toil to obtain them. So in order to avoid it people accede to a social contract and establish a civil society. According to Hobbes, society is a population beneath a sovereign authority, to whom all individuals in that society cede some rights for the sake of protection. Any abuses of power by this authority are to be accepted as the price of peace. There is no doctrine of separation of powers in Hobbes's discussion. According to Hobbes, the sovereign must control civil, military, judicial, and ecclesiastical powers.

"During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre" Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man's essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or "Leviathan"—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes's contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle's view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.

The Political Works of Thomas Hobbes, compiled into a single authoritative edition, delves into the foundational texts that shaped modern political philosophy. This compilation includes seminal works such as "Leviathan," where Hobbes presents his views on human nature, the social contract, and absolute sovereignty, characterized by his distinctively stark and rigorous prose. Hobbes writes with an unwavering clarity, employing a methodical structure that aims to dismantle the chaotic assumptions of human nature and propose a new political order grounded in rational self-interest. His ideas resonate within the broader context of the tumultuous 17th-century political landscape, reflecting concerns over civil war and authority that still echo in contemporary discussions of governance and society. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), a contemporary of both the English Civil War and the scientific revolution, faced profound uncertainties that undoubtedly influenced his philosophical inquiries. His experiences of conflict led him to advocate for strong centralized authority as a means of ensuring peace and stability. A student of mathematics and natural philosophy, Hobbes's interdisciplinary approach sought to ground political theory in the principles of science and reason, making his insights both radical and transformative for his time. This edition of The Political Works of Thomas Hobbes is essential for any reader interested in political theory, philosophy, or the history of ideas. It invites contemporary scholars and general readers alike to engage with Hobbes'Äôs arguments about human nature, the justification of political power, and the implications for individual freedoms. As we navigate today's complex political landscape, Hobbes's insights remain as relevant as ever, challenging us to reckon with the balance between authority and liberty.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) aloitti opinnot 1603 Oxfordin yliopistossa. Hän toimi aatelissuvun kotiopettajana Euroopan matkoilla, palveli filosofi Francis Baconin sihteerinä, tapasi ihailemansa Galileo Galilein ja kirjoitti Pariisissa maanpaossa asuessaan vastaväitteet René Descartesin Meditaatioihin. Englannin 1642 alkanut sisällisota johti vallankumoukseen ja kuningas Kaarle I:n teloitukseen vuonna 1649. Tapahtuma tyrmistytti Hobbesia, vaikka hän oli tyytymätön kuninkaan politiikkaan. Siksi Hobbes ryhtyi laatimaan yhteiskunnasta filosofista suurteosta, joka julkaistiin vuonna 1651 nimellä Leviathan. Kirja herjasi katolista kirkkoa ja suututti ranskalaiset, sen radikaalit argumentit kauhistuttivat restauraation kannattajat ja Pariisin rojalistiemigrantit sulkivat Hobbesin pois joukostaan. Vuonna 1652 Thomas Hobbes palasi Englantiin yhdentoista vuoden maanpaon jälkeen.

Das Standardwerk "Grundzüge der Philosophie" beseteht aus drei Teilen: In De Corpore, dem ersten Teil der Trilogie elementa philosophiae, von 1655 entwickelt Hobbes zentrale Thesen zu naturwissenschaftlichen Fragen. Ausgehend von einer materialistischen Grundhaltung und dem - exemplarisch durch René Descartes vertretenen - mechanistischen Denken seiner Zeit schreibt er allein den Körpern und deren Bewegung Wirklichkeit zu. Im zweiten Teil, dem 1658 veröffentlichten De Homine, aber auch bereits in seinem Hauptwerk Leviathan von 1651 überträgt Hobbes seine Körpertheorie auf den menschlichen Erkenntnisapparat und entwickelt eine eigene mechanistische Erkenntnistheorie. Hobbes' staatstheoretische Lehren bilden aus heutiger Sicht den zentralen Teil seines Werkes. Sie sind es, die ihm einen herausgehobenen Platz in der Philosophiegeschichte sichern. Sie finden sich in De Cive von 1642, dem dritten Teil der Trilogie elementa philosophiae.

Grundzüge der Philosophie

In "Grundzüge der Philosophie" entfaltet Thomas Hobbes seine visionären Ideen über den Naturzustand des Menschen, die Ursprünge der Gesellschaft und die Notwendigkeit einer starken zentralen Autorität. Hobbes' markanter, analytischer Stil kombiniert prägnante Argumentation mit einer tiefen philosophischen Reflexion, die die grundlegenden Fragen des menschlichen Zusammenlebens beleuchtet. Sein Werk ist nicht nur ein philosophisches Manifest, sondern auch ein Spiegel der politischen Wirren seiner Zeit, die ihn zur Formulierung seiner Theorien über den Gesellschaftsvertrag und die staatliche Gewalt anregten. Thomas Hobbes, ein bedeutender Denker des 17. Jahrhunderts, war Zeuge von politischen Umwälzungen, die seine Ansichten über Macht und Ordnung prägten. Geboren in einer turbulenten Zeit, wo der Bürgerkrieg in England wütete, erlebte er die Fragilität menschlicher Beziehungen und die Bedrohungen anarchischer Strukturen. Diese Erfahrungen motivierten ihn, fundierte philosophische Konzepte zu entwickeln, die bis heute in den Bereichen Politikwissenschaft und Ethik von Relevanz sind. "Grundzüge der Philosophie" ist ein unerlässliches Werk für jeden, der die Wurzeln moderner politischen Theorie verstehen möchte. Hobbes' tiefgreifende Analysen laden den Leser ein, sowohl historische als auch zeitgenössische Fragen der menschlichen Natur und der politischen Ordnung zu reflektieren, wodurch das Buch ein wertvolles Gut für Philosophen, Historiker und politisch Interessierte darstellt.

Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan" zählt zu den einflussreichsten Schriften der politischen Philosophie. Hobbes argumentiert dafür, die Gewalt auf einen absoluten Herrscher zu übertragen, weil sich die Menschheit in einem "Krieg aller gegen alle" befinde. Ausgehend von seinem negativem Menschenbild ("homo homini lupus": Der Mensch ist dem Menschen ein Wolf) entwickelt Hobbes hier eine der wirkmächtigsten politischen Schriften der Neuzeit. Das vorliegende Buch wurde sorgfältig editiert und enthält Teil 1 und 2 von Thomas Hobbes' Werk im Original-Wortlaut der deutschen Übersetzung. Ein verlinktes Inhaltsverzeichnis erleichtert die Navigation im E-Book.

Leviathan | Deutsche Übersetzung der Original-Ausgabe von 1651

In "Grundzüge der Philosophie" entfaltet Thomas Hobbes seine systematische Ausarbeitung der politischen und ethischen Gedanken seiner Zeit. Der Band bietet eine tiefgreifende Analyse der menschlichen Natur sowie der Notwendigkeit eines starken Staates zur Aufrechterhaltung von Frieden und Ordnung. Hobbes' literarischer Stil ist dabei klar und prägnant, wobei er komplexe philosophische Konzepte in verständlicher Sprache präsentiert. Als Fundament seiner Argumentation steht die Vorstellung, dass der Mensch im Naturzustand egoistisch und kriegsbereit ist, was die Notwendigkeit eines Gesellschaftsvertrags zur Schaffung eines Sicherheitsrahmens impliziert. Der Kontext des 17. Jahrhunderts, in dem politische Umbrüche und Kriege vorherrschten, spiegelt sich in Hobbes' eindringlicher Aufforderung wider, die Grundlagen der Gesellschaft zu überdenken. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) war ein englischer Philosoph, dessen Werke die Entwicklung der politischen Philosophie maßgeblich beeinflussten. Sein Leben war geprägt von den politischen Turbulenzen seiner Zeit, insbesondere dem Englischen Bürgerkrieg, was seine Überlegungen zur Notwendigkeit starker Autorität prägte. Hobbes' Erfahrungen und Beobachtungen, gepaart mit seinem interdisziplinären Ansatz, der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften einbezieht, formen das Fundament seiner philosophischen Überlegungen. "Grundzüge der Philosophie" ist ein unverzichtbares Werk für jeden, der sich mit den Grundlagen der politischen Theorie und beim Verständnis menschlicher Interaktionen auseinandersetzen möchte. Es fordert den Leser heraus, über die Bindungen und Verpflichtungen innerhalb der Gesellschaft nachzudenken und die Rolle des Individuums im Rahmen kollektiv erhaltener Werte zu reflektieren. Hobbes' Gedanken sind in der heutigen politischen Diskussion ebenso relevant wie zu seiner Zeit.

La vida del hombre, solitaria, pobre, desagradable, brutal y corta 'Escrito durante el caos de la Guerra Civil inglesa, el Leviatán de Thomas Hobbes pregunta cómo, en un mundo de violencia y horror, ¿podemos evitar descender a la anarquía? El caso de Hobbes de una "riqueza común" bajo un poderoso soberano, o "Leviatán", para hacer cumplir la seguridad y el estado de derecho, conmocionó a sus contemporáneos, y su libro fue quemado públicamente por sedición en el momento en que fue publicado. Pero su penetrante trabajo de filosofía política, ahora completamente revisado y con una nueva introducción para esta edición, abrió preguntas sobre la naturaleza de la política y la sociedad que influyeron en los gobiernos de todo el mundo.

Leviatán

"Leviatán" es una obra de Thomas Hobbes publicada en 1651. El nombre "Leviatán" hace referencia a un monstruo marino bíblico descrito en el libro de Job y los Salmos, y es utilizado metafóricamente para representar al poderoso Estado. La obra significó un antes y un después en la teoría política. Hobbes sostenía que el ser humano, en su estado natural, es egoísta y competitivo, lo que conduce a una "guerra de todos contra todos" en busca de poder y recursos. Para escapar de este caos, los individuos acuerdan un "contrato social", mediante el cual ceden parte de su libertad y poder a un soberano absoluto (el "Leviatán") para mantener la paz y el orden en la sociedad. Según Hobbes, este soberano debe tener autoridad absoluta y su poder no puede ser desafiado, ya que la rebelión solo conduciría nuevamente al estado de guerra.  La obra es una amplia exploración de la naturaleza humana, la política y la sociedad.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), fue un filósofo inglés considerado uno de los fundadores de la filosofía política moderna.​ Su obra más conocida es el Leviatán (1651), donde sentó las bases de la teoría contractualista, de gran influencia en el desarrollo de la filosofía política occidental.​ El Leviathan, en inglés, o Leviatán,como se conoce popularmente, es seguramente la obra más importante y trascendental del filósofo, político y pensador inglés del siglo XVII, Thomas Hobbes. Haciendo referencia y escribiendo con espléndida maestría, el autor hace referencia al monstruo bíblico más temido para explicar y justificar la existencia de un Estado absolutista que subyuga a sus ciudadanos. Escrito en el año 1651, su obra ha sido de gran inspiración en las ciencias políticas y, paradójicamente, en la evolución del derecho social.

LEVIATAN

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