THE INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER‘A monumental, gripping book … Outstanding’ SUNDAY TIMES‘Noise may be the most important book I've read in more than a decade. A genuinely new idea so exceedingly important you will immediately put it into practice. A masterpiece’ Angela Duckworth, author of Grit ‘An absolutely brilliant investigation of a massive societal problem that has been hiding in plain sight’ Steven Levitt, co-author of Freakonomics From the world-leaders in strategic thinking and the multi-million copy bestselling authors of Thinking Fast and Slow and Nudge, the next big book to change the way you think. We like to think we make decisions based on good reasoning – and that our doctors, judges, politicians, economic forecasters and employers do too. In this groundbreaking book, three world-leading behavioural scientists come together to assess the last great fault in our collective decision-making: noise. We all make bad judgements more than we think. Noise shows us what we can do to make better ones.

Noise

Rumours are as old as human history, but with the rise of the internet it's now possible to spread stories about anyone, anywhere, instantly. In the 2008 US election many Americans believed Barack Obama was a Muslim. The conspiracy theory book 9/11: The Big Lie has become a bestseller. Hearsay has fuelled economic boom and bust - so much so that in many places it's now a crime to circulate false rumours about banks. Why do ordinary people accept rumours, even untrue, bizarre or damaging ones? Does it matter? And, if so, what should we do about it? As Cass Sunstein shows in his brilliant analysis of the phenomenon, there are many different ways in which rumours are dispersed. He reveals how some people have pre-exisiting prejudices that make them particularly susceptible to certain falsehoods, but also why all of us (even the most sceptical) have a tipping point at which we will come to accept a rumour as true. He looks at why some groups, even different nations, believe different things (for example, many Germans think that drinking water after eating cherries is deadly), and he shows why some rumours spread faster than others. Even if we don't realize it, the most open-minded among us are subject to extraordinary biases. This groundbreaking book will make us think harder about the information we are given, and could help us move towards a more open-minded and fair culture. “Compelling…full of insights.” GUARDIAN "More than just a book: It's a manifesto." PROSPECT

On Rumours

This sharp and engaging collection of essays by leading governmental scholar Cass R. Sunstein examines shifting understandings of what's normal, and how those shifts account for the feminist movement, the civil rights movement, the rise of Adolf Hitler, the rise of gun rights, the response to COVID-19, and changing understandings of liberty. Prevailing norms include the principle of equal dignity, the idea of not treating the press as an enemy of the people, and the social unacceptability of open expressions of racial discrimination. But norms are very different from laws. They arise and change in response to individual and collective action. Exploring Nazism, #MeToo, the work of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, constitutional amendments, pandemics, and the influence of Ayn Rand, Sunstein reveals how norms ultimately determine the shape of government in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. Cass R. Sunstein is the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard. He is the recipient of the 2018 Holberg Prize from the Government of Norway, often described as the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for law and the humanities.

This is Not Normal: The Politics of Everyday Expectations

Our ability to make choices is fundamental to our sense of ourselves as human beings, and essential to the political values of freedom-protecting nations. Whom we love; where we work; how we spend our time; what we buy; such choices define us in the eyes of ourselves and others, and much blood and ink has been spilt to establish and protect our rights to make them freely. Choice can also be a burden. Our cognitive capacity to research and make the best decisions is limited, so every active choice comes at a cost. In modern life the requirement to make active choices can often be overwhelming. So, across broad areas of our lives, from health plans to energy suppliers, many of us choose not to choose. By following our default options, we save ourselves the costs of making active choices. By setting those options, governments and corporations dictate the outcomes for when we decide by default. This is among the most significant ways in which they effect social change, yet we are just beginning to understand the power and impact of default rules. Many central questions remain unanswered: When should governments set such defaults, and when should they insist on active choices? How should such defaults be made? What makes some defaults successful while others fail? Cass R. Sunstein has long been at the forefront of developing public policy and regulation to use government power to encourage people to make better decisions. In this major new book, Choosing Not to Choose, he presents his most complete argument yet for how we should understand the value of choice, and when and how we should enable people to choose not to choose. The onset of big data gives corporations and governments the power to make ever more sophisticated decisions on our behalf, defaulting us to buy the goods we predictably want, or vote for the parties and policies we predictably support. As consumers we are starting to embrace the benefits this can bring. But should we? What will be the long-term effects of limiting our active choices on our agency? And can such personalized defaults be imported from the marketplace to politics and the law? Confronting the challenging future of data-driven decision-making, Sunstein presents a manifesto for how personalized defaults should be used to enhance, rather than restrict, our freedom and well-being.

Choosing Not to Choose

“What makes Trump immune is that he is not a president within the context of a healthy Republican government. He is a cult leader of a movement that has taken over a political party – and he specifically campaigned on a platform of one-man rule. This fact permeates “Can It Happen Here? . . . which concludes, if you read between the lines, that “it” already has.” – New York Times Book Review ""Several of the contributors...agree that American politics is susceptible to creeping authoritarianism and provide the intellectual underpinning."" – Washington Post With the election of Donald J. Trump, many people on both the left and right feared that America’s 240-year-old grand experiment in democracy was coming to an end, and that Sinclair Lewis’ satirical novel, It Can’t Happen Here, written during the dark days of the 1930s, could finally be coming true. Is the democratic freedom that the United States symbolizes really secure? Can authoritarianism happen in America? Acclaimed legal scholar, Harvard Professor, and New York Times bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein queried a number of the nation’s leading thinkers. In this thought-provoking collection of essays, these distinguished thinkers and theorists explore the lessons of history, how democracies crumble, how propaganda works, and the role of the media, courts, elections, and ""fake news"" in the modern political landscape—and what the future of the United States may hold. Contributors include: Martha Minow, dean of Harvard Law SchoolEric Posner, law professor at the University of Chicago Law SchoolTyler Cowen, economics professor at George Mason UniversityTimur Kuran, economics and political science professor at Duke UniversityNoah Feldman, professor of law at Harvard Law SchoolJonathan Haidt, social psychologist and Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University’s Stern School of BusinessJack Goldsmith, Professor at Harvard Law School, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, and co-founder of LawfareStephen Holmes, Professor of Law at New York UniversityJon Elster, Professor of the Social Sciences at Columbia UniversityThomas Ginsburg, Professor of International Law and Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and a member of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesCass R. Sunstein, Robert Walmsley University Professor, Harvard UniversityDuncan Watts, sociologist and principal researcher at Microsoft Research

Can It Happen Here?

The different ways that social change happens, from unleashing to nudging to social cascades. How does social change happen? When do social movements take off? Sexual harassment was once something that women had to endure; now a movement has risen up against it. White nationalist sentiments, on the other hand, were largely kept out of mainstream discourse; now there is no shortage of media outlets for them. In this book, with the help of behavioral economics, psychology, and other fields, Cass Sunstein casts a bright new light on how change happens. Sunstein focuses on the crucial role of social norms-and on their frequent collapse. When norms lead people to silence themselves, even an unpopular status quo can persist. Then one day, someone challenges the norm-a child who exclaims that the emperor has no clothes; a woman who says "me too." Sometimes suppressed outrage is unleashed, and long-standing practices fall. Sometimes change is more gradual, as "nudges" help produce new and different decisions-apps that count calories; texted reminders of deadlines; automatic enrollment in green energy or pension plans. Sunstein explores what kinds of nudges are effective and shows why nudges sometimes give way to bans and mandates. Finally, he considers social divisions, social cascades, and "partyism," when identification with a political party creates a strong bias against all members of an opposing party-which can both fuel and block social change. "Sunstein's book is illuminating because it puts norms at the center of how we think about change." DAVID BROOKS, The New York Times

How Change Happens

A powerful analysis of why lies and falsehoods spread so rapidly now, and how we can reform our laws and policies regarding speech to alleviate the problem. Lying has been with us from time immemorial. Yet today is different-and in many respects worse. All over the world, people are circulating damaging lies, and these falsehoods are amplified as never before through powerful social media platforms that reach billions. Liars are saying that COVID-19 is a hoax. They are claiming that vaccines cause autism. They are lying about public officials and about people who aspire to high office. They are lying about their friends and neighbors. They are trying to sell products on the basis of untruths. Unfriendly governments, including Russia, are circulating lies in order to destabilize other nations, including the United Kingdom and the United States. In the face of those problems, the renowned legal scholar Cass Sunstein probes the fundamental question of how we can deter lies while also protecting freedom of speech. To be sure, we cannot eliminate lying, nor should we try to do so. Sunstein shows why free societies must generally allow falsehoods and lies, which cannot and should not be excised from democratic debate. A main reason is that we cannot trust governments to make unbiased judgments about what counts as "fake news." However, governments should have the power to regulate specific kinds of falsehoods: those that genuinely endanger health, safety, and the capacity of the public to govern itself. Sunstein also suggests that private institutions, such as Facebook and Twitter, have a great deal of room to stop the spread of falsehoods, and they should be exercising their authority far more than they are now doing. As Sunstein contends, we are allowing far too many lies, including those that both threaten public health and undermine the foundations of democracy itself.

Liars: Falsehoods and Free Speech in an Age of Deception

""Star Wars is the ultimate mythological tale of our age, a hero's journey that is a tribute to the beauty of human freedom as well as an exploration of its dark complexities. In this gem of a book, the brilliant Cass Sunstein uses the series to explore profound questions about being a parent, a child, and a human. It will change the way you think about your own journey, and it might even make you pick up the phone and call your dad."" – Walter Isaacson A deeply original celebration of George Lucas’s masterpiece as it relates to history, presidential politics, law, economics, fatherhood, and culture by Harvard legal scholar and former White House advisor. There’s Santa Claus, Shakespeare, Mickey Mouse, The Bible, and then there’s Star Wars. Nothing quite compares to sitting with down with a young child and hearing the sound of John Williams’ score as those beloved golden letters fill the screen. In this fun, erudite and often moving book, Cass R. Sunstein explores the lessons of Star Wars as they relate to childhood, fathers, the Dark Side, rebellion, and redemption. As it turns out, Star Wars also has a lot to teach us about constitutional law, economics, and political uprisings. In rich detail, Sunstein tells story of the films’ wildly unanticipated success and what it has to say about why some things succeed while others fail. Ultimately, Sunstein argues, Star Wars is about the freedom of choice and our never-ending ability to make the right decision when the chips are down. Written with buoyant prose and considerable heart, The World According to Star Wars shines new light on the most beloved story of our time.

The World According to Star Wars

Forestil dig to læger, der stiller forskellige diagnoser til patienter med samme sygdom. Eller to dommere ved samme domstol, der giver forskellige domme til mennesker, der har begået identiske forbrydelser. Forestil dig, at beslutningerne afhænger af, om det er morgen eller eftermiddag, om det er mandag eller onsdag, eller om det er lige før eller efter frokost. Det er eksempler på støj: variationer i beslutninger, der burde være identiske Der vil altid være støj, der gør det svært for enhver at foretage vurderinger og træffe beslutninger. Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony og Cass R. Sunstein viser i denne bog, hvordan støj er årsagen til, at der begås fejl inden for alle områder – herunder lægevidenskab, jura, økonomi, retsmedicin, strategi og ansættelsesprocesser. Selvom støj kan findes overalt, hvor der træffes beslutninger, ignorerer både enkeltpersoner og organisationer dens betydning – ofte med store omkostninger til følge. Med enkle midler udforsker denne banebrydende bog, hvad vi kan gøre for at træffe bedre beslutninger. Daniel Kahneman (f. 1934) er psykolog og bl.a. kendt for bestselleren "At tænke – hurtigt og langsomt". Sammen med Olivier Sibony og Cass R. Sunstein har han skrevet bogen "Støj – Sådan træffer du bedre beslutninger".

Støj - Sådan træffer du bedre beslutninger

In recent years, 'nudge units' or 'behavioral insights teams' have been created in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other nations. All over the world, public officials are using the behavioral sciences to protect the environment, promote employment and economic growth, reduce poverty, and increase national security. In this book, Cass R. Sunstein, the eminent legal scholar and best-selling co-author of Nudge (2008), breaks new ground with a deep yet highly readable investigation into the ethical issues surrounding nudges, choice architecture, and mandates, addressing such issues as welfare, autonomy, self-government, dignity, manipulation, and the constraints and responsibilities of an ethical state. Complementing the ethical discussion, The Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Science contains a wealth of new data on people's attitudes towards a broad range of nudges, choice architecture, and mandates.

The Ethics of Influence

From New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein, a timely and powerful argument for rethinking how the U.S. Constitution is interpreted The U.S. Supreme Court has eliminated the right to abortion and is revisiting other fundamental questions today—about voting rights, affirmative action, gun laws, and much more. Once-arcane theories of constitutional interpretation are profoundly affecting the lives of all Americans. In this brief and urgent book, Harvard Law School professor Cass Sunstein provides a lively introduction to competing approaches to interpreting the Constitution—and argues that the only way to choose one is to ask whether it would change American life for the better or worse. If a method of interpretation would eliminate the right of privacy, allow racial segregation, or obliterate free speech, it would be unacceptable for that reason. But some Supreme Court justices are committed to “originalism,” arguing that the meaning of the Constitution is settled by how it was publicly understood when it was ratified. Originalists insist that their approach is dictated by the Constitution. That, Sunstein argues, is a big mistake. The Constitution doesn’t contain instructions for its own interpretation. Any approach to constitutional interpretation needs to be defended in terms of its broad effects—what it does to our rights and our institutions. It must respect those rights and institutions—and safeguard the conditions for democracy itself. Passionate and compelling, How to Interpret the Constitution is essential reading for anyone who is concerned about how the Supreme Court is changing the rights and lives of Americans today.

How to Interpret the Constitution

A much-needed defense of liberalism—what it is, why it is under threat, and why we need it more than ever—from one of our most important political thinkers today. More than at any time since World War II, liberalism is under pressure, even siege. On the right, some have given up on liberalism. They hold it responsible for the collapse of the family and traditional values, rampant criminality, disrespect for authority, and widespread immorality. On the left, some are turning their backs on liberalism. They think that it lacks the resources to handle the problems posed by entrenched inequalities, racism, sexism, corporate power, and environmental degradation. But those opposed to liberalism do not depict it accurately; they offer a caricature, and they neglect its history. In On Liberalism, former advisor to Presidents Obama and Biden and New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein offers a timely and clear understanding of liberalism—of its core commitments, of its breadth, of its internal debates, of its evolving character, of its promise, and why we need it more than ever. He also shows how and why liberalism has been, and should be, appealing to both left and right. The book begins with a manifesto on behalf of liberalism, and then goes on to explore the central idea of “experiments of living,” to which a liberal constitutional order gives pride of place. From there, it discusses John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Hayek, defining liberal thinkers; the rule of law as liberals understand it; freedom of speech (including the place of lies and falsehoods within that freedom); free markets, economic liberty, and regulation; Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Second Bill of Rights, with its social and economic guarantees; and finally, the concept of opportunity. Never more urgently needed, On Liberalism moves the conversation well beyond the reductive and inflammatory political sound bites of our moment and advances a compelling argument on behalf of liberalism as the foundation of freedom and self-government.

On Liberalism

It's hard to imagine our world without its stars and celebrity geniuses—they become a part of our culture and history, seeming permanent and preordained. But as Cass Sunstein shows in this startling book, that is far from the case. Focusing on both famous and forgotten (or simply overlooked) artists and luminaries in music, literature, business, science, politics, and other fields, he explores why some individuals become famous and others don't and offers a new understanding of the role of greatness, luck, and contingency in the achievement of fame. First, Sunstein examines recent research—on informational cascades, power laws, network effects, and group polarization—to probe the question of how people become famous. He explores what ends up in the history books, in the great religious texts, and in the literary canon—and how that changes radically over time. He delves into the rich and entertaining stories of a diverse cast of famous characters, from John Keats, William Blake, and Jane Austen to Bob Dylan, Ayn Rand, and Stan Lee—as well as John, Paul, George, and Ringo. How to Become Famous takes you on a fun, captivating, and at times profound journey that will forever change your perspective on the latest celebrity's "fifteen minutes," the nature of memory, success and failure in business, and our enduring fascination with fame.

How to Become Famous

Since America's founding, the U.S. Supreme Court had issued a vast number of decisions on a staggeringly wide variety of subjects. And hundreds of judges have occupied the bench. Yet as Cass R. Sunstein, the eminent legal scholar and bestselling co-author of Nudge, points out, almost every one of the Justices fits into a very small number of types regardless of ideology: the hero, the soldier, the minimalist, and the mute. Heroes are willing to invoke the Constitution to invalidate state laws, federal legislation, and prior Court decisions. They loudly embrace first principles and are prone to flair, employing dramatic language to fundamentally reshape the law. Soldiers, on the other hand, are skeptical of judicial power, and typically defer to decisions made by the political branches. Minimalists favor small steps and only incremental change. They worry that bold reversals of long-established traditions may be counterproductive, producing a backlash that only leads to another reversal. Mutes would rather say nothing at all about the big constitutional issues, and instead tend to decide cases on narrow grounds or keep controversial cases out of the Court altogether by denying standing. As Sunstein shows, many of the most important constitutional debates are in fact contests between the four Personae. Whether the issue involves slavery, gender equality, same-sex marriage, executive power, surveillance, or freedom of speech, debates have turned on choices made among the four Personae?choices that derive as much from psychology as constitutional theory. Sunstein himself defends a form of minimalism, arguing that it is the best approach in a self-governing society of free people. More broadly, he casts a genuinely novel light on longstanding disputes over the proper way to interpret the constitution, demonstrating that behind virtually every decision and beneath all of the abstract theory lurk the four Personae. By emphasizing the centrality of character types, Sunstein forces us to rethink everything we know about how the Supreme Court works. "Cass Sunstein provides an enlightening look at the different ways to approach the Constitution. In doing so, he transcends ideology and helps us appreciate different perspectives. He also shows the virtue of his own favorite approach, that of minimalism, which seeks to respect traditions and long-settled practices." -Walter Isaacson, President and CEO of the Aspen Institute, and author of The Innovators "In this remarkable addition to Oxford University Press' 'Inalienable Rights' series on the American Constitution, Cass Sunstein persuasively speaks not to theories of constitutional interpretation, but to four archetypical judicial personalities reflected in opinion-writing, and in doing so he opens up an imaginative new perspective for appreciating our constitutional history." -Peter L. Strauss, Betts Professor of Law, Columbia Law School "In Constitutional Personae, Cass Sunstein analyzes judicial review in the United States in terms of four personalities or archetypes. He shows how this model illuminates a wide range of questions, and he offers a subtle restatement and defense of his favorite persona, the constitutional minimalist. Filled to the brim with insights, this is a splendid and imaginative contribution to constitutional theory." -Jack Balkin, Knight Professor of Constitutional Law, Yale Law School "A novel approach...carefully reasoned and clearly explained, Sunstein's approach offers a more insightful way of analyzing the positions of individual justices than resorting to simplistic ideologies." - Kirkus Reviews "[A] valuable study of the different approaches that Supreme Court justices take in deciding cases...Given the significance of recent Supreme Court decisions on such issues as campaign finance, health care coverage, and marriage equality, Sunstein has performed a public service by enabling a better comprehension of how these judgments are reached." -Publishers Weekly "Constitutional Personae has all sorts of treasures in it. Its classifications are illuminating." - The New York Review of Books

Constitutional Personae

Why policies should be based on careful consideration of their costs and benefits rather than on intuition, popular opinion, interest groups, and anecdotes. Opinions on government policies vary widely. Some people feel passionately about the child obesity epidemic and support government regulation of sugary drinks. Others argue that people should be able to eat and drink whatever they like. Some people are alarmed about climate change and favor aggressive government intervention. Others don't feel the need for any sort of climate regulation. In The Cost-Benefit Revolution, Cass Sunstein argues our major disagreements really involve facts, not values. It follows that government policy should not be based on public opinion, intuitions, or pressure from interest groups, but on numbers-meaning careful consideration of costs and benefits. Will a policy save one life, or one thousand lives? Will it impose costs on consumers, and if so, will the costs be high or negligible? Will it hurt workers and small businesses, and, if so, precisely how much? As the Obama administration's "regulatory czar," Sunstein knows his subject in both theory and practice. Drawing on behavioral economics and his well-known emphasis on "nudging," he celebrates the cost-benefit revolution in policy making, tracing its defining moments in the Reagan, Clinton, and Obama administrations (and pondering its uncertain future in the Trump administration). He acknowledges that public officials often lack information about costs and benefits, and outlines state-of-the-art techniques for acquiring that information. Policies should make people's lives better. Quantitative cost-benefit analysis, Sunstein argues, is the best available method for making this happen-even if, in the future, new measures of human well-being, also explored in this book, may be better still.

The Cost-Benefit Revolution

The social cost of carbon: The most important number you've never heard of—and what it means. If you're injuring someone, you should stop—and pay for the damage you’ve caused. Why, this book asks, does this simple proposition, generally accepted, not apply to climate change? In Climate Justice, a bracing challenge to status-quo thinking on the ethics of climate change, renowned author and legal scholar Cass Sunstein clearly frames what’s at stake and lays out the moral imperative: When it comes to climate change, everyone must be counted equally, regardless of when they live or where they live—which means that wealthy nations, which have disproportionately benefited from greenhouse gas emissions, are obliged to help future generations and people in poor nations that are particularly vulnerable. Invoking principles of corrective justice and distributive justice, Sunstein argues that rich countries should pay for the harms that they have caused and that all of us are obliged to take steps to protect future generations from serious climate-related damage. He shows how “choice engines,” informed by artificial intelligence, can enable people to save money and to reduce the harms they produce. The book casts new light on the “social cost of carbon,” the most important number in climate change debates—and explains how intergenerational neutrality and international neutrality can help all nations, above all the United States and China, do what must be done.

Climate Justice

The bestselling author of Simpler offers a powerful, provocative, and convincing argument for protecting people from their own mistakes Based on a series of pathbreaking lectures given at Yale University in 2012, this powerful, thought-provoking work by national best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein combines legal theory with behavioral economics to make a fresh argument about the legitimate scope of government, bearing on obesity, smoking, distracted driving, health care, food safety, and other highly volatile, high-profile public issues. Behavioral economists have established that people often make decisions that run counter to their best interests-producing what Sunstein describes as "behavioral market failures." Sometimes we disregard the long term; sometimes we are unrealistically optimistic; sometimes we do not see what is in front of us. With this evidence in mind, Sunstein argues for a new form of paternalism, one that protects people against serious errors but also recognizes the risk of government overreaching and usually preserves freedom of choice. Against those who reject paternalism of any kind, Sunstein shows that "choice architecture"-government-imposed structures that affect our choices-is inevitable, and hence that a form of paternalism cannot be avoided. He urges that there are profoundly moral reasons to ensure that choice architecture is helpful rather than harmful-and that it makes people's lives better and longer.

Why Nudge?

Nudge – so heißt die Formel, mit der man andere dazu bewegt, die richtigen Entscheidungen zu treffen. Denn Menschen verhalten sich von Natur aus nicht rational. Nur mit einer Portion List können sie dazu gebracht werden, vernünftig zu handeln. Aber wie schafft man das, ohne sie zu bevormunden? Wie erreicht man zum Beispiel, dass sie sich um ihre Altervorsorge kümmern, umweltbewusst leben oder sich gesund ernähren? Darauf gibt Nudge die Antwort. Das Konzept hat bereits viele Entscheidungsträger überzeugt, darunter  US-Präsident Barack Obama. Anschaulich und unterhaltsam präsentieren der Wirtschaftsnobelpreisträger Richard Thaler und Cass Sunstein einen neuen Ansatz der Verhaltensökonomie, der schon heute das Denken und Handeln in Politik und Wirtschaft prägt.

Nudge

Der Klassiker der Verhaltensökonomie vollständig aktualisiert Seit der Erstveröffentlichung von Nudge im Jahr 2008 und dem Nobelpreis für Richard Thaler 2017 ist dieses Hörbuch zu einem Klassiker geworden. Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt, Geschäftsleute, politische Entscheidungsträger, Wissenschaftler, engagierte Bürger, Verbraucher und Verhaltensökonomen haben sich davon inspirieren lassen. Dieses Hörbuch zeigt, wie wir eine durchdachte Entscheidungsarchitektur nutzen können, um bessere Entscheidungen für uns selbst, unsere Familien und unsere Gesellschaft zu treffen. Jetzt haben Richard Thaler und Cass Sunstein das Hörbuch überarbeitet und dabei ihre Erfahrungen innerhalb und außerhalb der Regierung in den letzten zwölf Jahren sowie eine Fülle neuer Forschungsergebnisse eingebracht. Diese aktualisierte Ausgabe bietet sowohl eingefleischten Fans als auch Neulingen eine Fülle neuer Einblicke in ein breites Spektrum von Themen, mit denen wir in unserem täglichen Leben konfrontiert sind: Gesundheit, persönliche Finanzen, Klimawandel und "Sludge" (Papierkram und andere Belästigungen, die uns davon abhalten, das zu bekommen, was wir wollen) und das alles unter Einhaltung einer der Grundregeln des Anstupsens: Haben Sie Spaß!

Nudge (aktualisierte Ausgabe)

"Este pequeno livro é tão brilhantemente imaginativo quanto urgentemente oportuno. Ao identificar uma moralidade interior do Direito Administrativo, Sunstein e Vermeule refutam os mais sérios ataques jurídicos e políticos ao Estado Administrativo desde o New Deal. O livro oferece grandes contribuições à teoria do Estado de Direito" Richard H. Fallon, Jr., Professor da Faculdade de Direito de Harvard "Em face de décadas de ataques robustos ao Estado Administrativo, qualificado como inconstitucional, imoral ou pior, Sunstein e Vermeule oferecem uma defesa doutrinariamente cuidadosa e teoricamente sofisticada da regulação administrativa, temperada pelos tipos de preocupações com o Estado de Direito associadas à moralidade interna do Direito de Lon Fuller. Em nenhum momento mais do que no presente uma defesa da governança e da administração baseada no conhecimento técnico é tão necessária, e este livro a provê com entusiasmo" Frederick Schauer, David e Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law da Universidade da Virgínia A Editora Contracorrente tem a honra de publicar Lei e Leviatã: resgatando o Estado Administrativo, dos célebres juristas norte-americanos Cass R. Sunstein e Adrian Vermeule. O Estado Administrativo moderno é ilegítimo? Inconstitucional? Incontrolável? Perigoso? Intolerável? O direito público americano há muito tempo tem sido dilacerado por um persistente e sério conflito acerca dessas questões, uma espécie de guerra fria de baixo grau. Nesta obra os autores argumentam que o Estado Administrativo pode ser resgatado, desde que limitado pelo que chamam de moralidade do Direito Administrativo, sob inspiração de Lon Fuller. Lei e Leviatã elabora uma série de princípios que fundamentam esse regime moral. Sem enunciação explícita, eles já limitam as atividades dos órgãos administrativos todos os dias. Mas podemos ir além. Estes princípios poderiam solucionar muitas das preocupações dos críticos do Estado Administrativo, que o interpretam como o fim do Estado de Direito. O Leviatã burocrático pode ser uma realidade inescapável das complexas democracias modernas, mas Sunstein e Vermeule mostram como podemos finalmente fazer a paz entre aqueles que aceitam a sua necessidade e aqueles que anseiam por sua derrocada.

Lei e Leviatã

Las decisiones que tomas no responden sólo a tu voluntad sino que reflejan las influencias, sutiles o burdas, del entorno social en que vives: unas veces para evitar la confrontación, otras para no equivocarte, a menudo porque así se consolidan los nexos con gente a la que estimas. La conformidad es la respuesta, más o menos automática, muchas veces inconsciente, con que nos amoldamos a las opiniones de los demás, a sus expectativas y sus preferencias. Cass R. Sunstein expone en este breve ensayo cómo funciona la presión social, por qué los grupos afines son proclives a la polarización, qué tanto pesa la reputación en nuestros actos, de qué forma las figuras de autoridad pueden provocar "cascadas": una suma de decisiones individuales que se reproducen como si respondieran a un designio externo.Este original enfoque puede aplicarse lo mismo a asuntos de poca monta, como qué canción escuchar ahora mismo, o de gran trascendencia, como qué nombre marcar en la boleta electoral. Con una batería analítica que va de la psicología al derecho, de la economía a la comunicación, y ejemplos que abarcan la composición de tribunales y la dinámica de las redes sociales, el autor expone una teoría sencilla y versátil para entender los posibles riesgos de la conformidad y las virtudes de la disidencia. "Esta obra señala los beneficios de la conformidad, a la vez que explora cómo el seguir a la multitud fácilmente puede llevar a las personas por los caminos del extremismo. De gran relevancia, la esclarecedora exposición de Sunstein es una lectura obligada." Booklist "Cass R. Sunstein uno de los pensadores más originales de nuestra época, ofrece aquí una poderosa crítica de la conformidad. De la política al derecho, insta a los lectores a ver el valor de las instituciones que estimulan la diversidad de puntos de vista para así llegar a decisiones más sabias y mejores." Julian Zelizer, Princeton University

La conformidad

"Son demasiados los ciudadanos que no tienen presente la medida en que su propio bienestar es producto de un sistema de gobierno que los beneficia todos los días", escribe Cass R. Sunstein, uno de los más respetados y prolíficos constitucionalistas de nuestro tiempo, quien sitúa su análisis en los Estados Unidos, pero ahonda sobre los problemas teóricos y prácticos de la aplicación de los derechos sociales y económicos en cualquier democracia. El 11 de enero de 1944, el entonces presidente estadounidense Franklin Delano Roosevelt pronunció ante el Congreso el que este libro considera "el discurso del siglo". Roosevelt hizo una defensa vigorosa de la intervención del Estado, afirmó que la libertad individual no podía existir sin independencia y seguridad y enunció una serie de derechos sociales y económicos que dieron forma a lo que se conoce como la Segunda Carta de Derechos, un texto de gran influencia a escala internacional que, paradójicamente, nunca fue incluido en la Constitución de los Estados Unidos. En este libro, Sunstein –asesor estrella del gobierno de Obama y hoy profesor en la Universidad de Harvard– recupera aquellas ideas renovadoras para examinar críticamente el modo en que los tribunales estadounidenses han resistido la aplicación de esos derechos y sostiene que el rol del Estado como proveedor de bienestar social y económico puede ser compatible con una sociedad y una cultura política que privilegien las libertades del individuo. En América Latina, donde la mayoría de las constituciones incluyen derechos sociales pero no es frecuente la reflexión teórica o crítica sobre su aplicación y alcance en las vidas de los ciudadanos, este libro está llamado a convertirse en fuente de inspiración y apoyo para juristas y expertos de otros campos de las ciencias sociales.

Derecho y Política

Las cuentas pendientes del sueño americano

La libertad parece un asunto simple: todas nuestras elecciones han de ser válidas si conducen a nuestro propio bienestar. Pero incurrimos en decisiones que pueden dañarnos: fumar, llevar una dieta desbalanceada, gastar en cosas innecesarias…, actos de disfrute cuyas consecuencias pueden ser lamentables. Cass R. Sunstein considera que, para ponerle un alto a las malas elecciones, sólo hace falta un "empujoncito": sea en la forma de programas de ahorro automático o campañas de salud alimentaria, las políticas públicas pueden mejorar la navegabilidad por un mundo de decisiones difíciles sin hacer uso de la coerción violenta. Desde la manzana que Eva mordió en el Paraíso, hasta los escritos de John Stuart Mill o los estudios realizados por economistas contemporáneos, Sunstein echa mano de la economía experimental y conductual, así como un bagaje literario y cultural, para actualizar el viejo problema del libre albedrío. Éste es un libro de filosofía aplicada, útil para todo aquel responsable de tareas de planificación o legislación que tenga interés por mejorar la vida de la gente sin vulnerar su autonomía.

Sobre la libertad

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